AUTHOR:
TerrorismCentral Editorial Staff

TITLE:
TerrorismCentral Newsletter - February 18, 2007

SOURCE:
TerrorismCentral, February 18, 2007

TEXT:

This week's Recommended Reading covers the ups and downs of North Korea's nuclear program, from Clinton and back again, including the full text of this week's agreement. Other news includes the first week of the security crackdown in Baghdad, which began and ended with massive bombings. Other security incidents around the globe are also covered in these news highlights, as well as information about deterrence and prevention.

Anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism is not simply an issue of compliance with local regulations. It is a global crime that can only be understood by crossing national or regional boundaries. Subscribers to the monthly AML/CFT Monitor receive information and analysis of worldwide incidents, trends, legal and regulatory issues, modalities, and related topics such as financial fraud and narcoterrorism.
http://secure.netsolhost.com/573566.585211/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=SFNT&Store_Code=TP
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AML/CFT Incidents/Cases
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Bosnia Herzegovina federal police are working to identify the source of financing for about ten suspected Islamic militants and their activities in a mosque.
http://www.javno.com/en/world/clanak.php?id=21009

Canadian police have charged Wwie Kee Chen with money laundering and other charges after finding a passenger attempting to board a flight with thousands of dollars in a bag full of cash.
http://www.mississauganews.com/mi/peelpolice/story/3879872p-4488033c.html

In the Caribbean island of Curacao, a young man "MK" stood trial on money laundering, terrorist financing, and smuggling charges. The first two charges were dropped, and MK was convicted of transporting money among Netherlands Antilles islands without declaring it to customs. He was sentenced to a fine of $6,000 or 120 days in jail. Originally from Lebanon, he traveled with an older colleague who will be tried later on similar charges.
http://www.thedailyherald.com/news/daily/j225/Money225.html

Nigeria's Adamawa State Governor Boni Haruna has been impeached following accusations of using London-based attorney Prince Ned Nwoko in laundering money.
http://allafrica.com/stories/200702150004.html

Spanish investigators report that although the 29 people now on trial for the 2004 Madrid train bombings were inspired by al Qaeda, they received no financing from the organization.
http://www.cbn.com/CBNnews/104943.aspx

Police in Bristol, England, arrested 14 people on suspicion on money laundering associated with check fraud and other proceeds of crime.
http://www.avonandsomerset.police.uk/LocalPages/NewsDetails.aspx?nsid=7551

Kin Chan has been jailed for six months, his wife Carina 3-months suspended, and they have been ordered to pay GBP1.5 million after admitting laundering money through suppressing the income of its popular Chinese restaurant in Wales, leading to tax frauds.
http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/0100news/0200wales/tm_headline=-1-5m-money-laundering-scandal&method=full&objectid=18624264&siteid=50082-name_page.html

In a US federal court in Massachusetts, Frank Magliochetti, former President and CEO of home healthcare company Med Diversified, pleaded guilty to embezzling $330,000 and laundering the funds to conceal their source, also falsely identifying them on his tax return.
http://www.usdoj.gov/usao/ma/Press%20Office%20-%20Press%20Release%20Files/Feb2007/magliochetti-plea.html

US district court in Oregon has entered into a plea agreement with Thu Hang Thi Nguyen for money laundering in connection with her boyfriend's drug business. He, Mark Phommachanh, is serving a 3-year federal prison term for conspiracy to distribute more than 100 kilos of marijuana. She had to forfeit a house, a diamond ring, and cash, and is likely to spend at least a year in prison.
http://www.kgw.com/news-local/stories/kgw_021407_news_money_laundering.8395134c.html
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AML/CFT Legislation and Regulation
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Australia and Turkey have signed a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation for counter-terrorism and organized crime, including AML/CFT efforts.
http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2007/fa014_07.html

This opinion piece calls into question Bangladesh Bank's ability to check money laundering.
http://nation.ittefaq.com/artman/publish/article_34084.shtml

The UN is considering whether or not sanctions should be imposed on Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as a way of cleaning up the mining industry. However, the outcome of sanctions is uncertain, and likely to have only a marginal effect, while potentially being perceived as punitive. The goal is to ensure greater security for artisanal miners, less exposure to extortion by armed groups and the assurance of more revenues.
http://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=S/2007/68

The Dubai Multi Commodities Centre (DMCC) has implemented several AML/CFT procedures to ensure transparent trade in gems and precious metals, and to encourage a reputation as a city that cracks down on illegal financial activities. Among these measures are customer identification initiatives and forgery-resistant documents.
http://www.gulfnews.com/business/Commodities/10104066.html

India is amending the Prevention of Money Laundering Act to make customs fraud punishable at the same level as terrorism financing.
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Invoice_tweaking_may_land_you_in_jail/articleshow/1600973.cms

Jamaica's Senate has approved the designation of insurance brokers and intermediaries as financial institutions for the purpose of the Money Laundering Act.
http://www.radiojamaica.com/news/story.php?category=5&story=32851
http://www.jis.gov.jm/parliament/html/20070212T100000-0500_11216_JIS_INSURANCE_BROKERS_AND_INTERMEDIARIES_TO_BE_DESIGNATED_FINANCIAL_INSTITUTIONS.asp

Nevis Premier and Minister of Finance Joseph Parry has assured the Caribbean Financial Action Task Force that the administration is committed to enhancing AML/CFT regulation and supervision.
http://www.caribbeannetnews.com/cgi-script/csArticles/articles/000058/005860.htm

Russia’s Federal Service for Financial Markets (FSFM) oversight body is monitoring 8,000 names on a list of suspected terrorists or extremists.
http://www.tass.ru/eng/level2.html?NewsID=11248289&PageNum=0

Spain's new requirement to declare international money exchanges in excess of EU3,000 came into force this week.
http://www.surinenglish.com/noticias.php?Noticia=10072

"Sweden: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes - FATF Recommendations for Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism" has been released. It finds Swedish AML/CFT legal requirements are generally comprehensive, but perhaps not entirely effective. Penalties for money laundering are low and there have been a limited number of convictions. The terrorist financing offence is broad but does not specifically cover collecting/providing funds for a terrorist organisation or individual terrorist. Additional resources would improve FIU functions, and there is a need to adopt comprehensive customer due diligence requirements. Recordkeeping and reporting are good but could be more effective. Supervisory powers should be given additional resources to expand with regard to money exchange and remittance companies and deposit companies. Suspicious activity reports indicate that the main predicate offences are drug crimes, smuggling and illegal trade of alcohol and tobacco, theft, fraud, document forgery, receiving, human trafficking, violation of the Firearms Act, bribery, dishonesty to creditors, violation of the Companies Act, tax and VAT evasions crime and bookkeeping crimes. Money laundering operations are increasingly complex, through individuals or groups connected to organized crime, electronic transfers, and bank accounts abroad. Terrorist financing has not been a major problem, and has not involved funding from abroad. The few people supporting extremist causes engage in various types of fraud and also seem to acquire funds from theft or fraudulent behavior in shops, as well as through fundraising through individual donors. In October 2005, two individuals were convicted under the Swedish counter terrorist financing legislation. Sweden is in the process of reviewing its legislation for the purposes of implementing the third EU Money Laundering Directive.
http://www.fatf-gafi.org/dataoecd/26/35/36461995.pdf

In "Turkmenistan after Niyazov", the International Crisis Group recommends that the international community should track down and freeze the overseas assets of the late President Niyazov, releasing them only on the strict proviso that they be used to implement reforms;
http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=4659&l=1

Now that the UK's Assets Recovery Agency is being closed, BBC File On 4 asks if this is a "Government reprieve for Mr Big?"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/file_on_4/6354635.stm

The Law Society of England and Wales has launched a campaign against disproportionate regulation, including "risky" and "unworkable" draft regulations on the EU's Third Money Laundering Directive.
http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/newsandevents/news/majorcampaigns/view=newsarticle.law?CAMPAIGNSID=217590

The US Treasury designated three Iranian companies - Kalaye Electric Company, Kavoshyar Company, and Pioneer Energy Industries Company - as supporting Iran's proliferation of weapons of mass destruction pursuant to Executive Order 13382, which prohibit all transactions between the designees and any US person and freeze any assets the designees may have under U.S. jurisdiction.
http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/hp267.htm

Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has issued a statement of licensing policy regarding certain transactions of two Colombian Government-controlled entities previously named as Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers: G.L.G. S.A. and Ramal S.A.
http://www.treas.gov/press/releases/hp268.htm

The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia has upheld a lower court ruling that upheld the Treasury's decision to freeze the assets of the Islamic American Relief Agency USA for its connections with a Sudanese charity accused of financing al Qaeda and other designated terrorist organizations.
http://pacer.cadc.uscourts.gov/docs/common/opinions/200702/05-5447a.pdf
http://columbiamissourian.com/news/story.php?ID=24223

In January, New York District Judge Nina Gershon ruled that the Arab Bank would stand trial for funding terror attacks in Israel, in a suit filed by 1,600 plaintiffs, most of them Israelis harmed in terror attacks. This article describes the strategy behind the suit.
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/825659.html

The Florida International Bankers' Association (FIBA) held its annual AML Compliance Conference, where the dominant issues were around the costs of regulation and the need for balance.
http://www.antimoneylaundering-fiba.com/
http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/16700079.htm

Former Treasury Undersecretary John Taylor describes the CFT experiences after 9/11 from his new book, "Global Financial Warriors".
http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/2007/02/12/PM200702126.html
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AML/CFT Modalities
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In an interview with Colombian magazine Semana, US Drug Enforcement Agency chief of operations Michael Braun said that most of the cocaine entering the US has passed through the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), which he described as half terrorists, half traffickers. He said that made up to $1 billion a year from trafficking. United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) paramilitaries are also involved.
http://www.semana.com/wf_InfoArticulo.aspx?IdArt=100945 (in Spanish)

This article describes money laundering activities of AUC:
http://english.eluniversal.com/2007/02/12/en_pol_art_12A834573.shtml

India's National Security Advisor M K Narayanan told the 43rd Munich Conference on Security Policy that terrorist organizations are floating fictitious companies to manipulate stock markets and other tactics using legitimate banking channels.
http://www.securityconference.de/konferenzen/rede.php?sprache=en&id=198&
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/23370.html
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Watchdogs_sniff_money_laundering_in_IPOs/articleshow/1625632.cms

4. Emerging Threat Monitor

Climate change, pandemics, and global economic imbalances are just a few of the threats emerging in this 21st century. Subscribers to the Emerging Threat Monitor stay a step ahead with monthly analysis of trends and responses worldwide. It offers executives a heads-up of new risks, and details of the policies and best practices gleaned from every country around the globe.
http://secure.netsolhost.com/573566.585211/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=SFNT&Store_Code=TP
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ETM Corruption and Transnational Crime
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Donegal International, part-owned and operated by the US Debt Advisory International, purchased $42 million Zambian debt for 44 million, then took legal action to obtain the full amount plus interest: $55 million. The UK judge criticized Donegal and its manager Michael Sheehan as dishonest and misleading, but in a strict interpretation of the law ordered Zambia to pay about $20 million.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/6370385.stm
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/applications/blogs/pressoffice/2007/02/vulture_fund_must_not_take_cas.html
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_you_can_do/campaign/he/donegal/vulture_fund.htm
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/23104b92-bd5e-11db-b5bd-0000779e2340.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/frontpage/story/0,,2014588,00.html

China plans to set up a new anti-corruption agency.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-02/14/content_808852.htm

Weng Zhendong has been sentenced to death in China for a fake ant-breeding project that netted him $390 million in three years. Fifteen staff members were jailed for between five and ten years. Ants are used in some traditional remedies in China.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-02/16/content_810913.htm

Germany's increasing export trade has increased the temptation for financial fraud.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/business/worldbusiness/15scandal.html

Mexican authorities are investigating possible connections between Acapulco Mayor Felix Salgado and drug cartels.
http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/miami/23373.html

US federal prosecutors are investigating Nevada Governor Jim Gibbons for possibly receiving gifts in violation of federal contracting rules.
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/16/politics/main2485947.shtml
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ETM Economies and Financial Systems
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"Going for Growth" is a new report from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It warns that advanced countries should not be complacent about recent growth, but rather step up the pace of reform. It tailors recommendations for each country, but lists common priorities:
* For much of continental Europe the main focus is on improving labor market performance to reduce unemployment and lift labor force participation.
* For lower-income countries, as well as in Japan and Switzerland, raising productivity is the main challenge. Priorities focus more on liberalization of product markets, especially in network industries and in services.
* English-speaking countries generally display good labor market performance but need to raise skill levels, in particular through improvements in secondary education.
* Many EU countries need to strengthen higher-education systems to improve graduation rates and, in some cases, the quality of teaching and research.
http://www.oecd.org/document/45/0,2340,en_2649_201185_38086509_1_1_1_1,00.html

Standard and Poor's new report, "Tightening Market Increases Risks For Engineering, Procurement And Construction Contracts" warns that unprecedented global demand for new power plants and other infrastructure facilities is rapidly increasing capital costs at a time when bankruptcies and consolidations have reduced the availability of construction contractors.
http://www.standardandpoors.com

China's trade surplus jumped 67 percent in January, exporting $15.88 billion more than it imported, compared to $9.5 billion in January 2006. Although the late Chinese New Year affected the rise, this development is likely to increase pressure on Beijing to allow its currency to float freely. This announcement followed a report of another record US trade deficit.
http://english.gov.cn/2007-02/12/content_525133.htm
http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/trade/2007-02-13-trade-gap_x.htm
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/IB15Cb03.html
http://washingtontimes.com/upi/200-7635r.htm

Cyprus has submitted its formal application to become part of the Eurozone next year.
http://www.observercyprus.com/observer/NewsDetails.aspx?id=1175

The European Court of Justice has ruled that a German rule forbidding any Volkswagen shareholder from exercising more than 20 percent of voting rights regardless of their holdings prevents the free flow of capital and breaks EU rules. The Volkswagen Law came into effect during the company's privatization in the 1960s.
http://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=EN&Submit=Rechercher$docrequire=alldocs&numaff=C-112/05&datefs=&datefe=&nomusuel=&domaine=&mots=&resmax=100

The World Bank sponsored a high-level meting to raise reconstruction funds. As the conference opened, US Secretary of State Rice told Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf that the US would write off Liberia's $391 million debt. Liberia, with a population of three million, has a debt of $3.7 billion.
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21217488~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html

Zimbabwe's inflation rate in January leaped to 1,593.6 percent.
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ETM Environment and Climate Change
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Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced a new ecoTrust to support provincial projects that will result in real reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. C$2.5 billion ($1.3 billion US) will be invested in such projects as improving access to new technologies for the trucking sector; developing renewable energy sources in rural regions; a pilot plant for production of cellulosic ethanol; promoting geothermal heat pumps in the residential sector; supporting technological research and innovation for the reduction and sequestration of greenhouse gases; supporting the capture of biogas from landfill sites; and supporting waste treatment and energy recovery from agricultural biomass.
http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?category=1&id=1532

The EU's response to climate change is the topic of this article:
http://www.europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/58

New Zealand's Prime Minister Helen Clark has included becoming the first zero emission country as one of the government's priorities. Becoming carbon neutral would make New Zealand the greenest country in the world.
http://www.beehive.govt.nz/ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=28357

UK Secretary of State Hilary Benn spoke on Valentine's Day to an international sustainable food conference on air miles, roses and ending poverty. Recent research finds that the emissions produced by growing flowers in Kenya and flying them to the UK can be less than a fifth of those grown in heated and lighted greenhouses in Holland, because Kenya is warm and sunny, and heating greenhouses in Holland uses enormous amounts of fossil fuels.
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/news/files/pressreleases/valentine-flowers.asp
http://www.agrifoodstandards.net/en/articles/global/fair_miles_the_concept_of_food_miles_through_a_sustainable_development_lens.html
http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/observer/archives/2006/08/17/food_for_the_th.html
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_politics/6356383.stm
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article1362750.ece

The UK Environment Agency has launched an inquiry into chemicals polluting underground water supplies and the atmosphere 30 years after Monsanto chemical company allegedly paid contractors to dump thousands of tons of highly toxic waste into a landfill site in south Wales.
http://environment.guardian.co.uk/waste/story/0,,2011024,00.html

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has, under pressure of legal action, agreed to introduce new regulations to reduce toxic emissions from gasoline, vehicles, and fuel containers to 80 percent below 1999 emissions. This for the first time regulates emissions of benzene, a carcinogen.
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/toxics.htm#regdocs
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ETM Human Rights
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The European Court of Justice (ECJ) considered a case brought regarding a 1943 massacre of civilians by German soldiers, in which 676 Greek villagers were killed. Their descendents brought action in Greece for financial loss, nonmaterial damage and mental anguish caused by the German soldiers. Greek courts dismissed the action for lack of jurisdiction, and asked whether the case fell within the Brussels Convention. ECJ found that although certain legal actions between a public authority and a person governed by private law may come within the scope of the Brussels Convention, that is not the case where the public authority acts in the exercise of its public powers. Operations conducted by armed forces are a characteristic emanation of State sovereignty and, consequently, a legal action such as this does not fall within the scope of the Brussels Convention.
http://curia.europa.eu/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=EN&Submit=rechercher&numaff=C-292/05

Indonesian law has failed domestic workers, leaving 2.5 million people, some as young as 12, vulnerable to abusive employers.
http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA210022007

The Innocence Project is reviewing 354 convictions to see whether DNA tests should be done. This follows 12 people exonerated by DNA evidence in Dallas County, a higher level than any other county in the US, and all but two states.
http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/021607dnmetinnocence.179e9f3.html
http://www.innocenceproject.org/Content/323.php
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ETM Infectious Diseases
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The World Health Organization met with 16 manufacturers from ten countries, and found promising results on an avian influenza vaccine.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/notes/2007/np07/en/index.html

Indonesia has agreed to resume sharing of influenza viruses with the World Health Organization.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2007/s02/en/index.html

Indonesia is continuing infection control measures, including bans on backyard poultry and culling, as the number of H5N1 deaths reaches 65.

An Egyptian woman has died of H5N1 avian influenza, bringing to 13 the number of confirmed deaths in Egypt. In all, Egypt has confirmed 21 cases.
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2007_02_16/en/index.html

Following an H5N1 avian influenza death in Nigeria, Ivory Coast has increased poultry surveillance.
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=70233

Japanese scientists report the alarming possibility that rats were responsible for transmitting avian influenza into four poultry farms over the past month.
http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/bird-flu-outbreaks-blamed-on-rats/2007/02/18/1171733612885.html

The UK Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) completed its analysis of the H5N1 viruses found in Suffolk and Hungary. The analysis revealed a similarity of 99.96 percent, which indicates that the viruses are essentially identical. The Health Protection Agency (HPA) completed testing on four people involved in the outbreak who exhibited respiratory symptoms. H5N1 tests were negative and they are being treated under normal clinical care or have been discharged.
http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/2007/070213b.htm
http://www.hpa.org.uk/hpa/news/articles/press_releases/2007/070213_holton_avian_flu.htm

Researchers at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School have discovered the receptor through which the life-threatening hemorrhagic fever viruses Machupo, Guanarito, Junin and Sabia enter and attack the body's cells, and show that infection can be inhibited by blocking this receptor.
http://www.childrenshospital.org/newsroom/Site1339/mainpageS1339P1sublevel281.html

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) researchers have found a weakness in an HIV protein that could help develop a vaccine.
http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2007/b12antibody.htm
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ETM Legal Systems
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Human Rights Watch reports that girls make up a minority of children who come into contact with justice systems, but they are often easy targets for police violence and violence in detention.
http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/02/20/global15345.htm

As they dug a grave for one of their fellow inmates, detainees in Democratic Republic of Congo's Bunia Central Prison decided to use the occasion to protest against appalling conditions in the jail, where many have died of disease, and riots and escapes are common.
http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=57623

India's Soli Sorabjee Committee on police reforms recommends creating a federal agency to address serious threats, such as terrorism, trafficking, money laundering, and organized crime.
http://www.indianexpress.com/story/22800.html

The government of Swaziland is strongly opposing efforts by police and prison guards to unionize, under a provision in the new constitution.
http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=57602

The UK Home Office announced plans to build two new prisons, near Liverpool, and in southeast London.
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/news/new-prisons-announced
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ETM Natural Resources
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Closure of illegal mines and mine nationalizations raise concerns over tin supplies.
http://www.resourceinvestor.com/pebble.asp?relid=28984
http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/2/14/business/16869906&sec=business
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/17/america/LA-GEN-Bolivia-Mining-Nationalization.php

As part of continuing efforts to close down informal mining activities, Zimbabwe has now made it compulsory for all mines recently closed to pay a Z$1 million review fee and be granted an impact assessment certificate before restarting operations.
http://www.herald.co.zw/inside.aspx?sectid=15145&cat=1
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ETM Populations
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UNICEF released its Report Card 7, which focuses on the well-being of children and young people in the world's most advanced economies. All 21 OECD countries need to improve, but the UK and US rank at the bottom, for poorly addressing non-material needs and poor peer-to-peer interaction. The Netherlands comes out on top in all six categories.
http://www.unicef-icdc.org/presscentre/indexNewsroom.sql
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6359363.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6360517.stm

Young people often come in second in development programs, even though they make up half of the population in many of the world's poorest countries.
http://www.ifad.org/media/press/2007/10.htm

In Botswana, six San Bushmen were arrested and reportedly abused for hunting in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, despite a court ruling permitting their return to their ancestral lands.
http://www.survival-international.org/news.php?id=2217

Note this article about the musical life of Tuareg tribesmen in the Sahara.
http://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2271650.ece

China's Academy of Social Science warns that large-scale emigration is causing a brain drain. By 2006 a million Chinese students had studied abroad, but two-thirds stay after graduation, a ratio higher than in any other country.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-02/13/content_807798.htm

Namibia's Legal Assistance Center (LAC) reports that several thousand San Bushmen remain landless and have yet to reap the benefits of democracy in Namibia. Instead, they remain marginalized and live in extreme poverty.
http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=57603

Rwanda is holding talks with religious leaders to obtain their support for limiting couples to no more than three children. Rwanda's population has risen fourfold in the past 50 years, and its current trajectory would double the population of nearly 9 million by 2030. The economy has not come close to keeping up with this rate of growth.
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ETM Social Responsibility
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A coalition of US institutional investors has established the Climate Watch List to identify companies lagging behind their industry peers in responding to climate change. Among those listed are:
* Banking and Financial: Wells Fargo
* Electric Power: TXU, Dominion Resources, Allegheny Energy
* Coal: Massey Energy and Consol Energy
* Insurance: ACE
* Oil & Gas: ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips
* Retail: Bed Bath & Beyond
http://www.ceres.org/news/news_item.php?nid=267
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/13/business/13climate.html

Socially responsible business practice, making money and pleasing shareholders are no longer necessarily conflicting goals.
http://www.usatoday.com/money/companies/2007-02-14-high-purpose-usat_x.htm

Starbucks will double its coffee purchases in East Africa in two years, and provide additional support to farmers by establishing a support center. It has also agreed not to interfere with Ethiopia pursuing regional trade marking for its coffees.
http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/pressdesc.asp?id=748
http://allafrica.com/stories/200702170234.html
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ETM Technology
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Intel has unveiled a research chip the size of a fingernail with 80 processing cores, capable of more than a trillion calculations per second, teraflops.
http://www.intel.com/research/platform/terascale/teraflops.htm?iid=newstab+supercomputing

IBM has revealed an on-chip memory technology with the fastest access times ever recorded in embedded dynamic random access memory, eDRAM.
http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21074.wss

Stem cell and tissue work undertaken by NASA in the 1990s is now being successfully commercialized.
http://www.regenetech.com/content/news/news.html
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/cbossfdi.html
http://ipp.nasa.gov/
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ETM Weapons (WMD, Proliferation)
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The Treaty of Tlatelolco, which established a nuclear weapon-free zone in Latin America and the Caribbean, celebrated its 40th anniversary.
http://www.caribbean360.com/News/Caribbean/Stories/2007/02/16/NEWS0000004011.html
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21575&Cr=nuclear&Cr1=

North Korea has agreed to shut its main nuclear reactor in return for energy aid worth about $300 million. See Recommended Reading, below, for more information.

Iranian officials say they are willing to consider resuming talks regarding its nuclear programs.
http://today.reuters.com/news/articleinvesting.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2007-02-14T124322Z_01_BLA443105_RTRUKOC_0_US-IRAN-NUCLEAR.xml
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/12/europe/EU-GEN-Germany-Security-Conference.php
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/14/AR2007021400841.html
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/14/europe/EU-GEN-Russia-US-NKorea-Iran.php

The Financial Times reported on a confidential EU paper that finds both diplomacy and sanctions have failed to stop Iran's nuclear activities. Although negotiations are likely to fail, they must be attempted.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/9222452a-bb66-11db-afe4-0000779e2340.html

Nuclear weapons designer Joseph Martz leads the team developing the US's new generation Reliable Replacement Warheads. He believes that technology is sufficiently advanced to develop a weapons elimination program, and maintain only a virtual stockpile that could be quickly assembled if necessary, but eliminate hair-trigger stockpiles.
http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/13/MNGI1O3N0G1.DTL

Here is recent news on the Litvinenko polonium investigation:
* Litvinenko's close friend Boris Berezovsky said that former KGB agent Andrei Lugovoi was responsible for the poisoning.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6333809.stm
* Former FSB head Alexander Gusak called his former employee a traitor who would have been executed in Soviet times
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article1350687.ece
* Three more people tested positive for polonium-210 exposure, bringing to 16 the number that face potential health risks
http://www.hpa.org.uk/hpa/news/articles/press_releases/2007/070215_pol210_update.htm

China has strengthened nuclear export controls.
http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2007/200702/20070217/article_306755.htm

The National Academies Press released the Interim Report on Methodological Improvements to the Department of Homeland Security's Biological Agent Risk Analysis. It includes three interim recommendations for FY2007:
* DHS should establish a clear statement of the long-term purposes of its bioterrorism risk analysis
* DHS should improve its analysis of intelligent adversaries
* DHS should increase its risk analysis methodology's emphasis on risk
http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11836.html

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave fast-track status for licensing a second post-exposure prophylaxis antibiotic against anthrax.
http://www.emergentbiosolutions.com/NewsReleases.aspx?ReleaseID=961656

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released " Response to a Ricin Incident: Guidelines for Federal, State, and Local Public Health and Medical Officials".
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/ricin/pdf/ricin_protocol.pdf

The US Congressional Research Service (CRS) released "Kinetic Energy Kill for Ballistic Missile Defense: A Status Overview". This report says that review of 30 years of test data reveals mixed and ambiguous results that cannot determine whether the investment is worthwhile.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RL33240.pdf

Poland and the Czech Republic are considering hosting components of the US missile defense system.
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/12/europe/EU-GEN-Poland-US-Missile-Defense.php
http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2010893,00.html

Russian Army Chief of Staff Yuri Baluyevsky says that US plans to deploy missile defense in eastern Europe and increasing national arsenals of intermediate range nuclear missiles could encourage Russia to withdraw from the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces Treaty.
http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070215/60795303.html
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/289ed728-bd26-11db-b5bd-0000779e2340.html

5. Critical Infrastructure Monitor

Natural and manmade events are inevitable, but they need not become disasters. Subscribers to the monthly Disaster Reduction Monitor learn from past incidents to prevent future disasters. It includes analysis of historical events, emerging risks and risk mitigation, and features new techniques to address disaster reduction, ranging from technical advances to regulatory best practices and micro-finance.
http://secure.netsolhost.com/573566.585211/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=SFNT&Store_Code=TP
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DRM Incidents
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Human traffickers in Yemen set off in four smuggling boats. One capsized, and a second boat then threw its migrants overboard to save their fellow smugglers. At least 107 Ethiopian and Somali migrants were drowned and buried: others are likely to have died but not been recovered.

Mozambique has been hit with the worst floods in six years. At least 29 people have died and 60,000 evacuated. Access to food and water has been cut off. More rains are expected in coming weeks.
http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=57605

The floods have receded from Jakarta, and the city is cleaning up the devastation. More than 200,000 people are suffering flood-related illnesses, including diarrhea, dengue fever, and severe respiratory problems. Two people have been treated for leptospirosis, which was probably transmitted through floodwaters contaminated with rat urine. Nearly half a million people were displaced, but are beginning to return home.

A Democratic Republic of Congo cargo train derailed in Katanga province, killing ten and injuring several others. An investigation into the cause is under way.

A state of emergency was declared in New Orleans following a tornado that killed one woman and damaged or destroyed dozens of trailers housing those left homeless by 2005 Hurricane Katrina.
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DRM Response and Recovery
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In 1999, the Erike oil Tanker sank off the French coast of Brittany, spilling 20,000 tons of oil into the sea, killing tens of thousands of seabirds, and polluting 250 miles of coastline. Oil company Total, its chief executive, and two company affiliates are among 15 parties charged with endangering lives or failing to prevent pollution. The trial opened this week, with 74 plaintiffs including the federal and local government, and environmental groups.
http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/CrisesArticle.aspx?storyId=L12806933
http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2264643.ece
http://www.lloyds.com/dj/DowJonesArticle.aspx?id=272472
http://www.cedre.fr/uk/spill/erika/erika.htm

The Russian Interstate Aviation Committee completed its review of the 2006 crash of the Pulkovo Airlines Tupolev, which killed 154 people. They blamed the crash on pilot error, including inadequate training and supervision.
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L17877023.htm

Bad weather halted salvage operations for the MSC Napoli, which was grounded off the English coast on 20 January, for nearly a week. Operations resumed on Wednesday to continue removing contaminated fuel oil and the containers on board. High winds on Thursday swept another ten containers overboard: two sank and eight reached shore. Finders of wreck material from the containers have to next week to report the items to the Receiver of Wreck, or face possible criminal charges.
http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-press-releases?id=8B59A9B4681C0657&m=2&y=2007
http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-press-releases?id=AB66C78F12127596&m=2&y=2007
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DRM Risks
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State Farm Insurance is suspending new homeowners and commercial policies in Mississippi because it feels that criticisms over handling Hurricane Katrina claims and reinterpretation of policies have created an unpredictable environment. Mississippi's Attorney General has responded by proposing legislation to require new insurance underwriting.
http://www.statefarm.com/about/media/media_releases/mississippi_home.asp
http://www.ago.state.ms.us/divisions/pressconf.php
http://www.statefarm.com/about/media/media_releases/msinsunder.asp

Scientists with the Public Policy Institute of California and the University of California Davis have issued a call to action to address deterioration of California's Delta. Their 300-page report considers water supply, environmental effects, and economic costs, and considers nine alternative solutions for managing natural and human pressures and the changes under way.
http://www.news.ucdavis.edu/search/news_detail.lasso?id=8034
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DRM Mitigation
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The Chicago Mercantile Exchange is expanding derivatives offerings to hedge hurricane risks.
http://www.cme.com/about/press/cn/07-29HurricaneFuturesLaunch21551.html

Jakarta, Indonesia, plans to accelerate development of the East Canal Flood control system to complete it in 2008, a year ahead of the original 2009 target.

The US House Committee on Small Business held a hearing on Small Business Administration (SBA) Unprepared to Respond to Future Large-Scale Disasters. SBA provides disaster loans to businesses, homeowners, and renters, but limited information systems and other logistical issues hinder timely response to disasters.
http://www.house.gov/smbiz/PressReleases/2007/PR21407DisasterRelief.htm
http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-07-484T
http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-07-114

7. Recommended Reading

When George Bush became president of the United States in January 2001, he dismissed the idea of using diplomacy to mitigate threats, and instead insisted on defeating them. President Clinton's agreement with North Korea, to freeze arms in exchange for aid, ended. In his January 2002 State of the Union Address, he described the response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and announced:
"Our second goal is to prevent regimes that sponsor terror from threatening America or our friends and allies with weapons of mass destruction.... North Korea is a regime arming with missiles and weapons of mass destruction, while starving its citizens. Iran aggressively pursues these weapons and exports terror, while an unelected few repress the Iranian people's hope for freedom. Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror. The Iraqi regime has plotted to develop anthrax, and nerve gas, and nuclear weapons for over a decade.

"States like these, and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world. By seeking weapons of mass destruction, these regimes pose a grave and growing danger. They could provide these arms to terrorists, giving them the means to match their hatred. They could attack our allies or attempt to blackmail the United States. In any of these cases, the price of indifference would be catastrophic. We will work closely with our coalition to deny terrorists and their state sponsors the materials, technology, and expertise to make and deliver weapons of mass destruction. We will develop and deploy effective missile defenses to protect America and our allies from sudden attack. And all nations should know: America will do what is necessary to ensure our nation's security. We'll be deliberate, yet time is not on our side. I will not wait on events, while dangers gather. I will not stand by, as peril draws closer and closer. The United States of America will not permit the world's most dangerous regimes to threaten us with the world's most destructive weapons."

This "Axis of Evil" speech laid out an aggressive policy based on military power that almost entirely excluded diplomacy. Iraq was invaded, and Iran and North Korea believed they would be next. In response to this threat, both countries, and others around the world, turned their sites towards nuclear weapons as the only possible deterrence. North Korea's program, suspended under the Clinton administration, was revived.

In February 2005 North Korea announced that it had built nuclear weapons for self-defense. Facing the reality of a nuclear North Korea, six-party diplomatic efforts from the EU, China, Japan, Russia, South Korea and the US gained strength. In September, North Korea again agreed to suspend its nuclear program and submit to international inspections following US assurances that it would not face attack. Here is the text of that agreement:

2005 AGREEMENT
***************************************************

For the cause of peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in north-east Asia at large, the six parties held in a spirit of mutual respect and equality serious and practical talks concerning the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula on the basis of the common understanding of the previous three rounds of talks and agreed in this context to the following:

1. The six parties unanimously reaffirmed that the goal of the six-party talks is the verifiable denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner.

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) committed to abandoning all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs and returning at an early date to the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons (NPT) and to IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safeguards.

The United States affirmed that is has no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula and has no intention to attack or invade the DPRK with nuclear or conventional weapons.

The ROK (South Korea) reaffirmed its commitment not to receive or deploy nuclear weapons in accordance with the 1992 joint declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, while affirming that there exist no nuclear weapons within its territory.

The 1992 joint declaration of the Denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula should be observed and implemented.

The DPRK stated that it has the right to peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

The other parties expressed their respect and agreed to discuss at an appropriate time the subject of the provision of light-water reactor to the DPRK.

2. The six parties undertook, in their relations, to abide by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and recognized norms of international relations.

The DPRK and the United States undertook to respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together and take steps to normalize their relations subject to their respective bilateral policies.

The DPRK and Japan undertook to take steps to normalize their relations in accordance with the (2002) Pyongyang Declaration, on the basis of the settlement of unfortunate past and the outstanding issues of concern.

3. The six parties undertook to promote economic cooperation in the fields of energy, trade and investment, bilaterally and/or multilaterally.

China, Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), Russia and the US stated their willingness to provide energy assistance to the DPRK. The ROK reaffirmed its proposal of 12 July 2005, concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electric power to the DPRK.

4. Committed to joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in northeast Asia, the directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.

The six parties agreed to explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in northeast Asia.

5. The six parties agreed to take coordinated steps to implement the aforementioned consensus in a phased manner in line with the principle of "commitment for commitment, action for action".

6. The six parties agreed to hold the fifth round of the six-party talks in Beijing in early November 2005 at a date to be determined through consultations.

Talks continued on occasion after this agreement, but failed to reach agreement on key issues, including North Korea's demands for a civilian nuclear reactor, and Japan's demand to know the fate of its citizens kidnapped by North Korea.

In July 2006, North Korea test-fired long- and medium-range missiles with the potential to reach not only its neighboring countries, but also the west coast of the US. It tested a nuclear weapon in October.

Six nation talks resumed last week. It looked as if they would fail, but talks were extended for another day, and at the last minute North Korea agreed to suspend its main nuclear reactor in exchange for aid. This was the same arrangement as under President Clinton, except that in the intervening period, North Korea had developed nuclear weapons, with a stockpile of as many as 12 nuclear warheads. In the new agreement, provided below, the weapons issue has been deferred.

NORTH KOREA - DENUCLEARIZATION ACTION PLAN
***************************************************

The following action plan was released in Beijing on February 13, 2007 following the conclusion of the latest round of Six-Party Talks.

Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement

13 February 2007

The Third Session of the Fifth Round of the Six-Party Talks was held in Beijing among the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States of America from 8 to 13 February 2007.

Mr. Wu Dawei, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the PRC, Mr. Kim Gye Gwan, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DPRK; Mr. Kenichiro Sasae, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan; Mr. Chun Yung-woo, Special Representative for Korean Peninsula Peace and Security Affairs of the ROK Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade; Mr. Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation; and Mr. Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Department of State of the United States attended the talks as heads of their respective delegations.

Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei chaired the talks.

I. The Parties held serious and productive discussions on the actions each party will take in the initial phase for the implementation of the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005. The Parties reaffirmed their common goal and will to achieve early denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner and reiterated that they would earnestly fulfill their commitments in the Joint Statement. The Parties agreed to take coordinated steps to implement the Joint Statement in a phased manner in line with the principle of "action for action".

II. The Parties agreed to take the following actions in parallel in the initial phase:

1. The DPRK will shut down and seal for the purpose of eventual abandonment the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications as agreed between IAEA and the DPRK.
2. The DPRK will discuss with other parties a list of all its nuclear programs as described in the Joint Statement, including plutonium extracted from used fuel rods, that would be abandoned pursuant to the Joint Statement.
3. The DPRK and the US will start bilateral talks aimed at resolving pending bilateral issues and moving toward full diplomatic relations. The US will begin the process of removing the designation of the DPRK as a state-sponsor of terrorism and advance the process of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act with respect to the DPRK.
4. The DPRK and Japan will start bilateral talks aimed at taking steps to normalize their relations in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration, on the basis of the settlement of unfortunate past and the outstanding issues of concern.
5. Recalling Section 1 and 3 of the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005, the Parties agreed to cooperate in economic, energy and humanitarian assistance to the DPRK. In this regard, the Parties agreed to the provision of emergency energy assistance to the DPRK in the initial phase. The initial shipment of emergency energy assistance equivalent to 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil (HFO) will commence within next 60 days.

The Parties agreed that the above-mentioned initial actions will be implemented within next 60 days and that they will take coordinated steps toward this goal.

III. The Parties agreed on the establishment of the following Working Groups (WG) in order to carry out the initial actions and for the purpose of full implementation of the Joint Statement:

1. Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula
2. Normalization of DPRK-US relations
3. Normalization of DPRK-Japan relations
4. Economy and Energy Cooperation
5. Northeast Asia Peace and Security Mechanism

The WGs will discuss and formulate specific plans for the implementation of the Joint Statement in their respective areas. The WGs shall report to the Six-Party Heads of Delegation Meeting on the progress of their work. In principle, progress in one WG shall not affect progress in other WGs. Plans made by the five WGs will be implemented as a whole in a coordinated manner.

The Parties agreed that all WGs will meet within next 30 days.

IV. During the period of the Initial Actions phase and the next phase - which includes provision by the DPRK of a complete declaration of all nuclear programs and disablement of all existing nuclear facilities, including graphite-moderated reactors and reprocessing plant - economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of 1 million tons of heavy fuel oil (HFO), including the initial shipment equivalent to 50,000 tons of HFO, will be provided to the DPRK.

The detailed modalities of the said assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the Working Group on Economic and Energy Cooperation.

V. Once the initial actions are implemented, the Six Parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the Joint Statement and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia.

VI. The Parties reaffirmed that they will take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and will make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. The directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.

VII. The Parties agreed to hold the Sixth Round of the Six-Party Talks on 19 March 2007 to hear reports of WGs and discuss on actions for the next phase.

ANALYSIS AND COMMENTARY
***************************************************
"A Reversal of Policy for US"
http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/editorial/16692459.htm
"Back from the Brink"
http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/john_gittings/2007/02/a_step_back_from_the_brink.html
"Bad Behavior Works"
http://www.guardian.co.uk/korea/article/0,,2012368,00.html
"Blackmailed By North Korea"
http://www.smh.com.au/news/editorial/blackmailed-by-north-korea/2007/02/14/1171405291097.html
"Cautious Welcome for N Korea Deal"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6359217.stm
"China Wins Praise Over North Korea Deal"
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/48c04706-bc5b-11db-9cbc-0000779e2340.html
"Conservatives Assail North Korea Accord"
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/14/AR2007021401695.html
"Doubts on Dismantling N Korea's Arsenal"
http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/15/news/bomb.php
"The End of a Long Confrontation?"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6357853.stm
"From the Axis of Evil to a Grand Bargain"
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/066df120-bba0-11db-afe4-0000779e2340.html
"Fuel for Skepticism"
http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/news/archives/2007/02/13/pyongyang_deal_fuel_for_scepticism.html
"Little Faith New Effort Will Work Any Better"
http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/little-faith-new-effort-will-work-any-better/2007/02/14/1171405299872.html
"Multilateralism Makes a Welcome Return"
http://comment.independent.co.uk/leading_articles/article2268057.ece
"Nuclear Deal Facing Meltdown"
http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,466215,00.html
"Nuclear Deal Wins Media Approval"
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6360925.stm
"Outside Pressures Broke Korean Deadlock"
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/14/world/asia/14assess.html
"Pact With North Korea Draws Fire From a Wide Range of Critics in US"
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/14/world/asia/14korea.html
"Political Battles Just Beginning"
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/IB15Dg02.html
"Same Old Deal, Higher Price"
http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200702/200702130009.html
"South Korea and Japan Split on North Korea Pact"
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/world/asia/15japan.html
"US Enters the Reality Zone"
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/IB15Dg01.html
"Wily Pyongyang may just be buying time"
http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/wily-pyongyang-may-just-be-buying-time/2007/02/14/1171405299881.html

8. Asset Management Network News

NEW REPORTS:

* "The Interconnected Century: Critical Security Issues" describes the ways in which individuals, governments, and businesses rely for their very survival on networks, both explicit and informal. It raises the issues of how these networks interact, and provides examples of practical ways to address risks and opportunities in each sector of the critical infrastructure.

* "Trends in Terrorism 2006" provides statistical summaries and analysis of the trends in attacks, tactics, facilities, geographic distribution and other areas for 2006. It includes quantitative comparison over time, and compares these to trends over the past 40 years, and how they compare to natural disasters. This year has expanded to include a chronology of major incidents.